Geography- Answers
1 ai)
Characteristic of Domestic trade
i ) Domestic trade is carried on within the
boundaries of one country .
ii) In Domestic trade goods are carried on from one place to another place through railways and roadways .
iii ) In Domestic trade payment is made or
received in local currency .
iv ) In Domestic trade wide choice of goods are available .
1 aii )
Characteristics of International Trade:
i ) Separation of Buyers and Producers
ii) Foreign trade involves payments in foreign currency .
iii ) Restrictions :
Imports and exports involve a number of restrictions but by
different countries .
iv ) there is Need for Middlemen:
1 b )
I ) By use of improved means of transportation and communication links
Ii ) By the use of fixed currencies
Iii ) Improvement in the level of technology
1 ai)
Characteristic of Domestic trade
i ) Domestic trade is carried on within the
boundaries of one country .
ii) In Domestic trade goods are carried on from one place to another place through railways and roadways .
iii ) In Domestic trade payment is made or
received in local currency .
iv ) In Domestic trade wide choice of goods are available .
1 aii )
Characteristics of International Trade:
i ) Separation of Buyers and Producers
ii) Foreign trade involves payments in foreign currency .
iii ) Restrictions :
Imports and exports involve a number of restrictions but by
different countries .
iv ) there is Need for Middlemen:
1 b )
I ) By use of improved means of transportation and communication links
Ii ) By the use of fixed currencies
Iii ) Improvement in the level of technology
(1c)
(i) Exports create jobs and boost economic growth
(ii) International trade give domestic companies more experience in producing for foreign markets. Over time, companies gain a competitive advantage in global trade.
(iii) Imports allow foreign competition to reduce prices for consumers which help boost economy in Tropical Africa.
2a (i) International migration is a global phenomenon that is growing in scope, complexity and impact. Migration is both a cause and effect of broader development processes and an intrinsic feature of our ever globalizing world.
2a (ii) Seasonal Migration — The periodic movement of a population from one region or climate to another in accordance with the yearly cycle
2b (i) A source region might be an ocean, a large forest, a desert, or open grasslands. Source regions must be large and have similar, or uniform, traits throughout.
2b (ii) A destination region is a geographical area consisting of all the services and infrastructure necessary for the stay of a specific tourist or tourism segment. Destinations are the competitive units of incoming tourism.:
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
(3a)
(i) It shorten the distance between countries
(ii) It is the cheapest means of transportation between countries
(iii) It helps in transportation of bulky goods from one country to another country during international trade.
(iv) It is relatively safe for transportation for international trade.
(3b)
(i) It limits diffusion of ideas and technology: Poor transportation limits the diffusion of the new ideas and technology or innovations which contributes to economic growth
(ii) It limits industrial growth: Poor transportation does limit industrial growth as raw materials, services and finished goods are not easily transported to the points of their need.
(iii) It discourages investors: Investors are usually discouraged where there are poor development in transportation
(iv) Inadequate exploitation of natural resources: Poor transportation can limit effective exploitation of natural resources in the area which tends to affect the Economic growth of a nation.
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
(4ai)
Import substitution industrialization (ISI) is a trade and economic policy which advocates replacing foreign imports with domesticproduction.
(4aii)
(i)petrochemical
(ii)iron
(iii)breweries
(iv)textiles
(4b)
(i)To reduce unemployment
(ii)import substitution policies allow a nation to be completely self-sufficient.
(iii)to protect domestic industries from import competition.
(iv)to reduce its foreign dependency through the local production of industrialized products.
(4c)
(i)make small products, mainly to be bought by individuals.
(ii)Most are small-scale, suitable for factory units on industrial estates.
(iii)only a limited amounts of investment capital is needed.
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
5a)Location
1. Between latitude 4°N and 14°N
2. Between longitude 3°E and 15°E
3. Located in the African continent
4. Located almost at the center of the curve made at the Western part of the continent
5a)Location
1. Between latitude 4°N and 14°N
2. Between longitude 3°E and 15°E
3. Located in the African continent
4. Located almost at the center of the curve made at the Western
part of the continent
Size:
1.Fourth largest country in the West Africa by landmass
2. Total area of 923,768km²
3. Stretches for about 1300km east to west
6a)
i)soil – Thick fertile such as loams and alluvium promote agricultural production
ii)Vegetation – Areas of open woodland and grassland are easy to settle in.
6aii)
i)Economic – Large rich markets for trade, good infrastructure such as
roads, railways etc as well as a skilled and varied labour force
ii)Social – Some groups of people prefer to live together for security and friendship.
6b)
i)Depletion of Natural Resources: The effects of overpopulation are quite
severe. The first of these is the depletion of resources.
ii)Degradation of Environment: With the overuse of coal, oil and natural gas, it
has started producing some serious effects on our environment .
iii)Conflicts and Wars: Overpopulation in developing countries puts a major strain
on the resources it should be utilizing for development.
iv)High Cost of Living : As difference between demand and supply continues to expand due to overpopulation, it raises the prices of various commodities including food, shelter and healthcare.
v)Accelerated Habitat Loss The increased loss of the ecosystems including wetlands, wildlife, rainforests, coral reefs, aquatic life forms, and grasslands are highly influenced by overpopulation.
vi)Lower Life Expectancy and Diminished
(i) Exports create jobs and boost economic growth
(ii) International trade give domestic companies more experience in producing for foreign markets. Over time, companies gain a competitive advantage in global trade.
(iii) Imports allow foreign competition to reduce prices for consumers which help boost economy in Tropical Africa.
2a (i) International migration is a global phenomenon that is growing in scope, complexity and impact. Migration is both a cause and effect of broader development processes and an intrinsic feature of our ever globalizing world.
2a (ii) Seasonal Migration — The periodic movement of a population from one region or climate to another in accordance with the yearly cycle
2b (i) A source region might be an ocean, a large forest, a desert, or open grasslands. Source regions must be large and have similar, or uniform, traits throughout.
2b (ii) A destination region is a geographical area consisting of all the services and infrastructure necessary for the stay of a specific tourist or tourism segment. Destinations are the competitive units of incoming tourism.:
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
(3a)
(i) It shorten the distance between countries
(ii) It is the cheapest means of transportation between countries
(iii) It helps in transportation of bulky goods from one country to another country during international trade.
(iv) It is relatively safe for transportation for international trade.
(3b)
(i) It limits diffusion of ideas and technology: Poor transportation limits the diffusion of the new ideas and technology or innovations which contributes to economic growth
(ii) It limits industrial growth: Poor transportation does limit industrial growth as raw materials, services and finished goods are not easily transported to the points of their need.
(iii) It discourages investors: Investors are usually discouraged where there are poor development in transportation
(iv) Inadequate exploitation of natural resources: Poor transportation can limit effective exploitation of natural resources in the area which tends to affect the Economic growth of a nation.
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
(4ai)
Import substitution industrialization (ISI) is a trade and economic policy which advocates replacing foreign imports with domesticproduction.
(4aii)
(i)petrochemical
(ii)iron
(iii)breweries
(iv)textiles
(4b)
(i)To reduce unemployment
(ii)import substitution policies allow a nation to be completely self-sufficient.
(iii)to protect domestic industries from import competition.
(iv)to reduce its foreign dependency through the local production of industrialized products.
(4c)
(i)make small products, mainly to be bought by individuals.
(ii)Most are small-scale, suitable for factory units on industrial estates.
(iii)only a limited amounts of investment capital is needed.
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
5a)Location
1. Between latitude 4°N and 14°N
2. Between longitude 3°E and 15°E
3. Located in the African continent
4. Located almost at the center of the curve made at the Western part of the continent
5a)Location
1. Between latitude 4°N and 14°N
2. Between longitude 3°E and 15°E
3. Located in the African continent
4. Located almost at the center of the curve made at the Western
part of the continent
Size:
1.Fourth largest country in the West Africa by landmass
2. Total area of 923,768km²
3. Stretches for about 1300km east to west
6a)
i)soil – Thick fertile such as loams and alluvium promote agricultural production
ii)Vegetation – Areas of open woodland and grassland are easy to settle in.
6aii)
i)Economic – Large rich markets for trade, good infrastructure such as
roads, railways etc as well as a skilled and varied labour force
ii)Social – Some groups of people prefer to live together for security and friendship.
6b)
i)Depletion of Natural Resources: The effects of overpopulation are quite
severe. The first of these is the depletion of resources.
ii)Degradation of Environment: With the overuse of coal, oil and natural gas, it
has started producing some serious effects on our environment .
iii)Conflicts and Wars: Overpopulation in developing countries puts a major strain
on the resources it should be utilizing for development.
iv)High Cost of Living : As difference between demand and supply continues to expand due to overpopulation, it raises the prices of various commodities including food, shelter and healthcare.
v)Accelerated Habitat Loss The increased loss of the ecosystems including wetlands, wildlife, rainforests, coral reefs, aquatic life forms, and grasslands are highly influenced by overpopulation.
vi)Lower Life Expectancy and Diminished
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